The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee proposed to "optimize the fertility policy and enhance the inclusiveness of the fertility policy". Recently, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee reviewed the decision on optimizing the fertility policy and promoting the long-term balanced development of the population, and made a major decision on "implementing the policy and supporting measures that a couple can have three children". The implementation of the central decision-making and deployment focuses on strengthening fertility support policies and enhancing policy inclusiveness.

The implementation of the three child fertility policy and supporting policies is the deepening and continuation of "gradually adjusting and improving the fertility policy".

Since entering the new century, China's population development has shown major turning changes. Adjusting and improving the fertility policy has become an important content of population and family planning work. Judging the situation, the CPC Central Committee made major decisions on the implementation of the "separate two child" and "comprehensive two child policy" in 2013 and 2015. At the beginning of 2016, the decision of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on implementing the comprehensive two child policy reform and improving the management of family planning services was issued, which proposed to "gradually adjust and improve the family planning policy and promote the long-term balanced development of the population", requiring that "the adjustment and improvement of the family planning policy should be promoted simultaneously with the reform of service management, and the supporting policies and measures should be formulated simultaneously."

In view of the prominent problem of "unable to give birth, support and no one to take care" reflected by the masses during the implementation of the "comprehensive two child policy", the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China made the deployment of "promoting the matching connection between Fertility Policies and relevant economic and social policies, and strengthening the research on population development strategy". From the perspective of promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee put forward the need to improve the national basic public service system in terms of "education for children, learning and education", pay attention to strengthening the construction of inclusive, basic and comprehensive people's livelihood, and, starting from strengthening the institutional guarantee for improving people's health, require "optimizing Fertility Policies, Improve the quality of the population ".

The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee further defined the requirements of "optimizing Fertility Policies, enhancing the inclusiveness of Fertility Policies, improving the level of eugenic and eugenic services, developing an inclusive childcare service system, reducing the cost of fertility, parenting and education, promoting the long-term balanced development of the population and improving the quality of the population" from the perspective of implementing the national strategy to actively respond to population aging. The outline of the national 14th five year plan takes achieving an appropriate fertility level and promoting long-term balanced population development and people's all-round development as an important content of economic and social development. The series of decisions and arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council reflect the accurate grasp of the population development trend, the positive response to the people's expectations for a better life, and the deepening understanding of social changes and the law of population development. The implementation of the three child policy and supporting policies is an important measure to implement the decision-making and deployment of the 19th National Congress and an important content of optimizing Fertility Policies in the new era. The smooth implementation of policies also depends on the strengthening of overall planning, the formulation of effective policies and the organization and implementation of policies according to law.

The implementation of the three child fertility policy focuses on strengthening supporting fertility support policies and enhancing the inclusiveness of fertility policies.

First, fertility policy needs incentive compatibility. Fertility policies should be connected with relevant economic and social policies, and relevant economic and social policies should also be consistent with the policy orientation of supporting fertility. The rapid development of China's economy and society has brought about a rapid change in the concept of marriage and childbearing of the young generation. Fewer and better children have become the mainstream, and the demand for eugenics and better education services is growing. In the stage of controlling excessive population growth, the main goal of the economic and social policy linked to fertility is to guide the people to have fewer children. At present, when young people generally delay marriage and childbirth and have fewer children, it is urgent to build a fertility support policy system, encourage school-age fertility, reduce Parenting anxiety, reduce parenting costs, and help the people realize their fertility wishes through a combination of incentive and compatible policies, Promote family harmony and happiness.

Secondly, the population problem should be solved accurately. There are great regional differences in population development in China, and the management of family planning services needs to be adjusted to local conditions and implemented by classification. The transformation of population development in the western region of China lags behind that in the eastern region for more than 20 years. The eastern region should actively deal with the problem of old age and fewer children, and actively build fertility security policies around expanding the supply of childcare services, reducing the "three child rearing costs", promoting the balance between parents' professional development and family responsibilities; The underdeveloped areas in the central and western regions should consolidate the achievements in poverty alleviation and make up for the shortcomings of basic public services such as reproductive health and eugenics around promoting early childhood development and improving maternal and child health. This requires the guidance of the central policy, and also requires all localities to explore the realization mode of family planning in the new period in combination with the local population and economic and social development level, endow family planning services with new connotation, and protect the rights and interests of family planning families.

Third, the system design should be flexible and inclusive. Facing the changing trend of fertility level and the new situations and problems in the changes of marriage and family, we need a forward-looking system construction. For example, we should consolidate and strengthen the basic position of maternity insurance in the maternity security system and gradually realize full coverage of maternity insurance. Fathers are actively encouraged to participate in the parenting process and share family responsibilities, and fathers can also take parental leave. Guide the concept of family parenting education and increase the supply of high-quality and inclusive education. Advocate age appropriate marriage and childbearing, so that the admission and graduation regulations at the stage of higher education are more flexible and friendly to students who have children. Support and help single parent families, special families to adopt and raise children. We will carry out research on reproductive assistance technologies to adapt to modern family lifestyles and women's delayed childbearing age, pay attention to the demands of groups with childbearing difficulties, and gradually expand the scope and content of basic public services. This requires us to follow the trend and change with the times in the spirit of reform and innovation and an inclusive and prudent attitude, constantly promote the reform and improvement of Fertility Policies and improve the level of population service management.